LEICESTER, ENGLAND—A new study published in The Lancet concludes that Richard III suffered 11 wounds—nine of them to the skull—at the time of his death at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. The team of forensic scientists from the University of Leicester used whole body CT scans and micro-CT imaging of injured bones to see which of the wounds might have been fatal, and to determine which weapons had caused the injuries. “Richard’s injuries represent a sustained attack or an attack by several assailants with weapons from the later medieval period. The wounds to the skull suggest that he was not wearing a helmet, and the absence of defensive wounds on his arms and hands indicate that he was otherwise still armored at the time of his death,” professor of materials engineering Sarah Hainsworth explained to Science Daily. Two of the blows to the head, one with a sword or staff weapon, and a second made with the tip of an edged weapon, were probably lethal. An injury to the pelvis may have been inflicted after death, according to archaeologist Jo Appleby, because the king would have been wearing protective armor if he’d still been alive. Guy Rutty of the East Midlands Pathology Unit adds that the “head injuries are consistent with some near-contemporary accounts of the battle, which suggest that Richard abandoned his horse after it became stuck in a mire and was killed while fighting his enemies.” To read more about the discovery of Richard III remains, see ARCHAEOLOGY's "The Rehabilitation of Richard III."